Al-Andalus.

Today we are going to work with a new THINKING ROUTINE. It is called THE MISTERY QUESTION. You have to think on what we learnt the last lesson: THE MIDDLE AGES. Once you have in mind you have to create a question that maybe one of your partners could not understand. The teacher will try to answer and explain better that points.

Once we have solved all the questions and everything is clear we are going to watch a video to learn a bit more about AL-ANDALUS. Pay attention because at the end of the video you have to answer the following question:

• Where did the first Muslim enter through to start the conquest of Spain?

MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS. 

In 711A.D. Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain. 

Hispania was called Al-Andalus.

Muslims brought their customs, laws and religion. 

The highest authority was the CALIPH and the religion was ISLAM

They lived in cities. They were merchants and craftsmen.

Christians live in the country in the north of Península, the highest authority was the KING. They were farmers. 

AL ANDALUS

The peninsula was occupied by Muslims for almost eight hundred years.

They lived in walled cities on hills. 

They built palaces and Mosques.

They most important city was Córdoba the capital.

THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS.

Muslims occupied the south, but there were indepedent Christian Kingdoms in the pas in the north like: Kingdom of Asturias, later the kingdom of Leon. 

At the end of the period the KINGDOm OF CASTILE was formed. 

LET'S PLAY AND CONTINUE LEARNING. 

Al- Andalus. The muslims in the Iberian Peninsula

In the last historical period we talked about the Visigoths. The Visigoths were in the Iberian Peninsula until the 711 A.D. when the King Roderic was defeted by the MUSLIMS. It was in this moment when this new historical period started.

LET'S HAVE A LOOK TO THIS VIDEO TO HAVE AN IDEA ABOUT HOW THE MUSLIM CONQUEST WAS. 

THE MUSLIM INVASION.

• Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain in 711 A.D.
• They ocuppied most of the Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
• This territory was called Al Andalus, and its capital was Cordoba.
• Al Andalus became a province of the Muslim Empire. It was governed by the caliph of Damascus in Asia.

THE EMIRATE OF CALIPHATE OF CORDOBA.

• In 756 A.D. Abd ar-Rahman I established Al Andalus as an independent province or emirate.

• In 929 A.D. Al Andalus became a caliphate under Abd ar-Rahman III. He was the caliph, the maximum political and religious authoroty in Al Andalus. 

• The caliphate lasted until 1031 A.D. During this period, Al Andalus was divided into smaller kingdoms, called taifas.

THE END OF AL ANDALUS.

• The taifas fought among themselves and this helped the Christian Kingdoms to gain territory. 

• In 1212 A.D. The Christians defeated the Muslims at The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
• In 1492 A.D. the Catholic Monarchs conquered the only remaining Muslim Kingdom, the Kingdom of Granada. 

SOCIETY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE.

• Al Andalus society was formed by Muslims, Christians and Jews.
• It had great scienctists, suchs as doctors, mathematicians and geographers. The mathematicians created the systems of numbers which we used today
• The Muslims made great contibutions to society:

• CROPS: like rice.

• INSTRUMENTS: like compass.

• IRRIGATION SYSTEMS.

LET'S PLAY AND REVIEW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT